Mental retardation (MR), or intellectual disability, is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which manifests itself before the age of 18. The causes of MR can vary, including genetic factors, infections, brain injuries, and toxic exposure. Currently, there is no cure for MR, and treatment focuses primarily on support, education, and rehabilitation to improve the quality of life for individuals with this condition. However, in recent years, stem cells https://stemplus.clinic/disease-treatment/mental-retardation/ have become the subject of research as a potentially new approach to treating ALS, aimed at restoring damaged brain tissue and improving cognitive functions. The proposed mechanisms of action of stem cells in AD include several key aspects. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into neurons and glial cells, replacing damaged or lost cells in the brain. Additionally, stem cells release neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), which promote the survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. These factors can also stimulate neuroplasticity, the ability of the brain to reorganize and form new connections. The immunomodulatory properties of stem cells can reduce inflammation in the brain, which can contribute to neuronal damage.